Animal feed compositions and methods

ABSTRACT

2-HALOACETANILIDES HAVE BEEN FOUND TO PROMOTE THE GROWTH OF ANIMALS WHEN USED ALONE AND IN ANIMAL FEED COMPOSITIONS.

United States Patent 01 fice 3,592,917 Patented July 13, 1971 US. Cl. 424324 24 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE 2-haloacetanilides have been found to promote the growth of animals when used alone and in animal feed com ositions.

This invention relates to animal feed compositions and to methods of improving growth response in animals.

In accordance with the present invention, it has now been found that certain 2-haloacetanilides are useful growth promoters for animals. Animal diets containing the 2-haloacetam'lides elicit a substantially greater weight gain and feed efficiency response in animals than when said diets are used alone. The growth promoting compounds are also useful for the improvement of carcass quality in cattle as manifested in increased marbling.

The improped weight gain and feed efliciency response in animals is accomplished in accordance with this invention by a method which comprises administering to the animal a growth-promoting amount of at least one 2-haloacetanilide of the formula wherein X is halogen (Cl, Br, F and I); p is an integer from to 2 inclusive; Y is selected from the group consisting of halogen (chlorine and bromine), X R-- wherein R is hydrocarbyl of not more than 18 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl and aralkyl, X is halogen (Cl, Br, F and I), hydroxyl or amino and n is an integer from 0 to 3 inclusive, provided that R is other than phenyl when R is substituted at the 2- and/ or 6'-positions, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl and alkoxycycloalkyl of at least and not more than 8 ring carbon atoms and not more than 12 chain carbon atoms,

wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkylene and alkoxyalkylene of not more than 8 carbon atoms, R is alkylene of not more than 4 carbon atoms, R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkenyl of not more than 4 carbon atoms and a is an integer from 0 to 1, and

wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of not more than 4 carbon atoms; R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl and alkoxy of not more than 4 carbon atoms; b is 'an integer from 0 to 5; R is halogen (Cl, Br, F and I); m is an integer from 0 to 3, and d is an integer from 0 to 1.

The compounds of the above formula are useful in animal feeds generally, for example, poultry, swine and ruminant feeds, but they are particularly advantageous when employed in ruminant feed for cattle and sheep.

In the above formula the X R- of Y can be alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, secbutyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, amyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, octadecyl and the various homologues and isomers of alkyl of not more than 18 carbon atoms, haloalkyl, such as chloromethyl, iodomethyl, bromomethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, chl'oroethyl, iodoethyl, trifluoromethyl, bromomethyl, difluoromethyl, dichloromethyl, diiodoethyl, dibromoethyl, fiuoroethyl, dichloroethyl, chloro-n-propyl, bromon-propyl, iodoisopropyl, bromo-n-butyl, bromo-tert-butyl, 1,3,ltrichlorobutyl, 1,3,3-trifluorobutyl, 1,3,3-tribromobutyl, 1,3,3-trichlorooctyl and the halogenated straight and branched chain alkyl of not more than 18 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl such as hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, hydroxypentyl, hydnoxyoctyl, 2,4-dihydroxy butyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl and the various homologues and isomers of hydroXyal-kyl of not more than 18 carbon atoms; aminoalkyl such as aminomethyl, 2,4-diaminobutyl, aminoethyl, 2,6-diaminooctyl, aminopropyl, amin'oheptyl, aminobutyl and the various homologues and isomers of 'aminoalkyl of not more than 18 carbon atoms; alkenyl such as vinyl, allyl, n-butenyl-l, n-butenyl-2, n-pentenyl-Z, 2,3-dimethyl-1- pentenyl, n-hexenyl-Z, 2,3-dimethylbutenyl-2, n-heptenyl, n-decenyl, n-dodecenyl and the various homologues and isomers of alkenyl of not more than 18 carbon atoms, haloalkenyl such as chlorovinyl, bromovinyl, chloroallyl, bromoallyl, 3-chloro-n-butenyl-1, 3-chloro-n-pentenyl-1, 4-chloro-n-hexenyl-2, 3,4-di(chloromethyl)pentenyl-l, 3- fiuoro-n-hepentyl-1, 1,3,3-trichloro-n-heptenyl-5, 1,3,5- trichloro-n-octenyl-6, 2,3,3 tri(chloromethyl)pentenyl-4 and the various homologues and isomers of haloalkenyl of not more than 18 carbon atoms, aminoalkenyl such as 2,4-diaminobutenyl, 2,6-diaminooctenyl, aminopropenyl, aminoheptenyl, aminobutenyl and the various homologues and isomers of aminoalkenyl of not more than 18 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkenyl such as 3-hydroxyn-butenyl-l, 3-hydroxy-n-pentenyl-1, 4-hydroxy-n-hexenyl-2, 3,4-di(hydroxymethyl)pentenyl-l, 3-hydroxy-n-heptenyl-l, 2,3,3-tri(hydroxymethyl)pentenyl-4 and the various homologues and isomers of hydroxyalkenyl of not more than 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl such as propargyl, butynyl, pentynyl, octynyl and the various homologues and isomers of alkynyl of not more than 18 carbon atoms, haloalkynyl such as chloropropargyl, bromopropargyl, iodopropargyl and fluoropropargyl, chlorobutynyl, bromobutynyl, chloropentynyl, iodopentynyl and the like, aminoalkynyl such as aminopropynyl, aminobutynyl and aminopentynyl and the like, hydroxyalkynyl such as hydroxypropargyl, hydroxybutynyl, hydroxypentynyl, and the like, and 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2,6-dibromophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-arninophenyl, benzyl, phenylethyl, chlorobenzyl, aminobenzyl, hydroxyphenylethyl and the like.

In the above formula the alkyl of R can be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl and t-butyl. The alkyl of R can be those listed above for R The alkenyl and alkoxy of R" can be for example allyl, vinyl, butenyl, methoxy, propoxy, n-butoxy, t-butoxy and the like.

The cycloalkyl and substituted-cycloalkyl of Y can be for example cyclopentyl, 3-methylcyclopentyl, S-methylcyclopentyl, 2,5 dimethoxycyclopentyl, 2 methylcyclopentyl, 3,4-dimethylcyclopentyl, S-(tert-butyl)cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 3-1nethylcyclohexy1, 3,4-dimethylcyclohexyl, 6-methoxycyclohexyl, 2,4-dimethylcyclohexyl, 2-methylcycloheXyl, 2,6 diethoxycyclohexyl, 3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl, 6 (tert-butyl)cyclohexy1, cycloheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, 3,4-dimethylcycloheptyl, 7-methylcycloheptyl, 2- butoxycycloheptyl, 6 methylcycloheptyl, 7-methylcyclo heptyl, 7 (tert-butyl)cycloheptyl, 3,4-diisopropylcycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, 3,4-dimethylcyclooctyl, and the like.

The R O[R O],,R of Y can be alkoxyalkyl, alkenoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, alkenoxyalkoxyalkyl, dialkoxyalkyl, alkenoxy(alkoxy)alkyl, a1kenoxyalkoxy(a1koxy) alkyl and alkoxyalkoxy(alkoxy)alkyl such as methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 3-propoxypropyl, 4-methoxybutyl, 4-butoxybutyl, 2-allyloxyethyl, Z-butenoxyethyl, 4-butenoxybutyl, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy1)ethyl, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl, 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)butyl, 2-(3-allyloxypropoxy) ethyl, 2-(2-butenoxyethoxy)ethyl, 4,4-dimethoxybutyl, 2, 2 diethoxyethyl, 2,4-dimethoxybutyl, 4,4-diethoxybutyl, 2-methoxy-4-allyloxybutyl, 2-ethoxy-2-propenoxyethyl, 4- (2 allyloxyethoxy) 2-methoxybutyl, 2-(4-methoxybutoxy) 2 methoxyethyl, 4-(Z-methoxyethoxy)-4-butoxybutyl and the like.

The compounds of the above formula can be prepared by processes described in detail in US. Pat. 2,863,752 and copending applications Ser. No. 496,175, filed Oct. 14, 1965, now abandoned Ser. No. 348,783, filed Mar. 2, 1964, now abandoned and Ser. No. 348,862, filed Mar. 2, 1964, now abandoned.

The value of animal feeds generally has been determined directly by feeding the animal. Within the past few years, however, the in vitro rumen technique whereby the changes occurring in feeds brought about my microorganisms are measured more readily and with great accuracy has been employed more frequently in the evaluation of animal feeds. This technique involves the use of an apparatus in which the digestive processes of the animals are conducted and studied in vitro. The animal feeds, rumen inoculum and various growth promotants are introduced into and withdrawn from a laboratory unit under carefully controlled conditions and the changes taking place are studied critically and progressively during the consumption of the feed by the microorganisms. The results obtained by use of the aforesaid transplanted rumen technique have been confirmed in vivo by actual feeding of animals.

Several parameters have been employed in the in vitro test methods to determine the effectiveness of the active growth promoting material. In the following examples the parameter employed in evaluating the 2-haloacetanilides is the change in propionic acid content in the rumen fluids. An increase in the propionic acid content in the rumen fluid indicates that a desirable response in overall ruminant performance has been brought about by the 2-haloacetanilides in the feed compositions. These in vitro observations have been confirmed by in vivo test methods in which rumen fluids are analyzed at the end of several days and by long-term in vivo feeding of ruminants over several months in which weight gain and feed efliciency are measured.

In the examples of the present invention which follow, evaluation of the 2-haloacetanilides is made (1) in vitro and (2) in vivo. The in vitro rumen fluids are analyzed by a gas chromotographic procedure to determine the change of propionic acid content therein. The change in propionic acid content is expressed as percent of the propionic acid content found in the control rumen fluid. In other examples long-term in vivo feeding studies are used to show a reliable correlation between propionic acid increase in the rumen fluid and improved animal performance.

The following examples, in which parts and percent are expressed by weight unless otherwise indicated, further illustrate the advantages of this invention.

EXAMPLE 1 The in vitro experiments are fermentation reactions in which the conditions existing in the rumen are simulated. The test additive (534 mg.) is dissolved in 5 to ml. of acetone or methylene chloride and mixed with 2 grams of a standard substrate (68% corn starch, 17% alphacellulose, and soybean meal). The mixture is evaporated in a nitrogen atmosphere with constant stirring to provide a substrate coated with the test additive. This coated substrate (119 mg.) is mixed with 300 mg. of uncoated substrate and charged to 50 ml. Erlenmeyer flasks. Rumen fluid from a fasted sheep (7 to 8 hours) is taken, filtered through four layers of cheesecloth and 10 ml. of the fluid charged to each flask. A buffer solution of the following composition is prepared and adjusted to pH 6.8

with aqueous 4 N HCl.

Buffer solution in grams per liter NaH2PO4 KH PO .152 NaHCO 2.260 KCl .375

NaCl .375 MgSQ; .112 CaCl FeSO .7H O .008 Mnso .004 ZHSO .7H O .004- CUSO4.5H2O COClz .001

Ten milliliters of the buffer solution are added to each flask. The flasks are purged with nitrogen, stoppered with pressure release valves and heated at 39 C.:0.5 C. on a water shaker bath. The fermentation mixtures are incubated for 16 hours and then analyzed to determine the propionate response. Results are given below in Table I.

TABLE I Propionate response, Compound: percent of control Control 2rchloro-N-methoxymethylacetanilide 155 2-chloro-N-ethylacetanilide 141 2-chloro-N-hydroxyethylacetanilide 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide 175 2-chloro-N-butylacetanilide 2-chloro-N-sec.butylacetanilide 127 2-chloro-N-tbutylacetanilide 140 2-chloro-N-cyclohexylacetanilide 126 2-chl0ro-N-phenylacetanilide 107 2-chloro-N,2-dimethylacetanilide 114 2-chloro-N,3'-dimethylacetanilide 110 2-chloro-N-methyl-2'-t.butylacetanilide 124 Z-chloro N methoxymethyl 2' t.-butylacetanilide 122 2-chloro-N-formyl-2'-t.butylacetanilide 148 2-chloro-N,2'-di-secbutylacetanilide 204 2-chloro-N-t.butyl-2-chloroacetanilide 166 2-chloro-N-t.butyl-2'-methylacetanilide 125 2-chloro-N-t.butyl-2'-methoxyacetanilide 125 2-chloro-N-t.butyl-2-nitroacetanilide 144 2-chloro-N-chloro-2',6-dimethylacetanilide 148 2-chloro-N-chloro 2' methyl-6'-t.butylacetanilide 120 2-chloro-N-n1ethyl-2,6'-dimethylacetanilide 153 2-chloro-N-methyl-2,6'-diethylacetanilide 206 2-chloro-N-methyl 2' methyl-6-t.butylacetanilide 198 2-chloro-N-methoxymethyl 2',6 dimethylacetanilide 158 2-chloro-N-methoxymethyl 2 ,6' diethylacetanilide 183 2-chloro-N-methoxymethyl 2' methyl-6-isopropylacetanilide 175 2 chloro-N-methoxymethyl 2' methyl-6'4.

butylacetanilide 2-chloro N methoxymethyl 2' t.butyl-5'- chloroacetanilide 127 2-chloro-N-ehloromethyl 2 ethyl-6"-t.butylacetanilide 119 2-chloro-N-ethyl 2' methy1-6-t.butylacetanilide 183 2-chloro-N(Z-hydroxyethyl) 2 methyl-6-t.

butylacetanilide TABLE IContinued Propionate response, Compound: percent of control 2-chloro-N(2,2-dimethylpropyl) 2. '6 diethyl- A basal ration having approximately the following composition was used in Example 2.

Component: Percent Ground corn 2-7.45 Soybean meal (50%) 18.90 'Defluorinated phosphate (18% P) 0.81 Iodized salt 0.45

Trace lminerals 0.09 Ground corn cobs 10.00 Molasses 8.10 Chopped alfalfa hay 34.20 Vitamin A MIU/gm. (275 gins/ton).

EXAMPLE 2 Five groups of sheet were provided the above basal ration for 60 days, self-fed. Each ration for four of the groups contained a different Z-haloacetanilide. The ration for one group contained no 2-haloacetanilide additive and served as control. The feed efficiency as determined from the average Weight gain and average feed consumption for each group of sheep is set forth in Table II.

'IA B LE II C oncentration, Feed 0 ompound percent efficiency 1 Control. 100 N-isopropyl-2-chloroacetanilide 0. 0016 110 N-methoxymethyl-2-methyl-6-t-butyl-2-bromoacetanilide 0. 0005 110 N-isopropyl-4-nitro-2ehloroacetan1lide t 0. 0005 11 1 N-isopropyl-Z-bromoaeetanilide 0. 0005 150 1 Percent of control.

EXAMPLE 3 Four groups of steers were fed the following basal ration for 56 days.

Component: Percent Chopped alfalfa (14%) 37.0 Ground corn 39.4 Molasses 8.0 Soybean meal (50%) 13.0 Dicalcium phosphate 0.6 Ground limestone 0.9 Trace minerals 0.1 Ground corn cobs 1.0

Each ration for three of the groups contained a different 2-haloacetanilide. The ration for the other group contained no Z-haloacetanilide additive and served as control. The average daily weight gain and feed efliciency for each group are set forth in Table III.

1 Percent of control.

The 2-haloacetanilides useful in this invention are incorporated in animal feed compositions in an effective amount over a wide range of concentrations. Significant anlmal responses are obtained with feed compositions containing from about 0.000l% by Weight to about 0.1% by weight of Z-haloacetanilides. Preferably, the feed compositions contain from about 0,0005% by weight to about 0.05% by Weight of 2-haloacetanilides.

Based on a fattening lamb consuming about 3 pounds of ration per day and cattle each consuming about 20 pounds of ration per day, the Z-haloacetanilides are administered to sheep in an amount from about 0.0013 gm. to about 1.3 gm. per head per day, and to cattle in an amount from about 0.009 gm. to about 9.0 gm. per head per day. The 2-haloacetanilides are preferably administered to sheep in an amount from about 0.007 gm. to about 0.7 gm. per head per day and to cattle in an amount from about 0.045 to about 4.5 gm. per head per day. However, the preferred amount will vary to some extent depending upon the age, weight and environment of the particular species of animal being fed.

The following 2-haloacetanilides are illustrative of those useful in this invention:

N-methyl-Z-chloroacetanilide N-ethyl-2-chloroacetanilide N-n-butyl-Z-chloroacetanilide 2-t-butyl-N-dodecyl-2-chloroacetanilide N-octadecyl-2-chloroacetanilide N-allyl-2-chloroacetanilide 4'-nitro-N-2-propen-1-yl-2-chloroacetanilide N-Z-butyl-1-yl-2-chloroacetanilide 4'-methoxy-N-chloromethyl-2-chloroacetanilide N-dichlorornethyl-Z-chloroacetanilide N-2,2-dibromoethyl-2-chloroacetanilide N-2-hydroxyethyl-2-chloroacetanilide N-2,2-diethoxyethyl-2-chloroacetanilide 2',6'-dimethyl-N-2-aminoethyl-2-chloroacetanilide N-methoxymethyl-2-chloroacetanilide N-butoxymethyl-2-chloroacetanilide N-allyloxymethyl-2-chloroacetanilide N-butoxyethoxylethyl-Z-chloroacetanilide 2',6'-dimethyl-N-methyl-2-bromoacetanilide 4'-nitro-N-propyl-2-bromoacetanilide N-allyloxymethyl-Z-bromoacetanilide N-benzyl-Z-chloroacetanilide N-chloro-2-chloroacetanilide N-ethylcarbamyl-Z-chloroacetanilide N-2-chloropropen-1-yl-2-bromoacetanilide N-chloropropargyl-Z-brornoacetanilide N-cyclopentyl-Z-chloroacetanilide N-cyclohexyl-Z-chloroacetanilide N-cyclooctyl-2-chloroacetanilide N-3-methylcycloheXyl-2-chloroacetanilide N-Z-t-butylcyclohexyl-2-chloroacetanilide The oral administration of 2-haloacetanilides in accordance with this invention can be accomplished in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, solutions, suspensions 7 or in admixture with one or more components of the animals diet. Alternatively, the 2-haloacetanilides can be administered in an equivalent amount of the animals drinking water.

Conventional ruminant feed rations generally comprise at least about 2 percent plant ingredients such as hay, straw, silage, yellow corn, pasturage, ground corn cobs, cottonseed hulls, cotton mill wastes, beet pulp, corn meal, soybean meal, Wheat bran, Wheat middlings, dehydrated alfalfa, ground oats, millet, linseed meal, coconut meal, distillers, dried grains, peanut meal, cottonseed meal and the like plant products. Most ruminant feed rations also contain up to about 2 percent mineral ingredients such as bone meal, limestone, salt (NaCl) and the various trace minerals including salts of zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, iodine, iron and the like. Other materials which can be incorporated into ruminant feed rations in varying amounts include animal ingredients such as fish meal, meat and bone scraps, dried milk, animal fats, dried whey solubles and the like; vitaminaceous ingredients such as vitamins A, B D and K, as well as, the B vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin, pantathenic acid or salts thereof, choline, pyridoxine, thiamine, nicotinic acid or salts thereof, biotin, folic acid and the like; amino acids such as methionine, phenylalanine, arginine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and the like; medicaments such as antibiotics, hormones and hormone simulators, steriods, arsenicals, anthelmintics and the like, and antioxidants, for example, 6 ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-l,2-dihydroquinoline, butylated hydrovy anisol, butylated hydroxy toluene, 4,4-bis(2,6- di-t-butyl phenol), gamma-tocopherol, esters of gallic acid, and the like.

The feed compositions of this invention can be prepared by incorporating the 2-haloacetanilides in various Ways into any or all components of conventional diets for the type of animal in question. The 2-haloacetanilides can be added to the diet rations as the pure compounds, as a stabilized concentrate wherein the 2-haloacetanilides are coated with a protective material such as gelatin or gelatin and sugar, as an adsorbate on silica gel, oatmeal, soybean meal, ion-exchange resins, as a simple admixture with a diluent such as cereal meal, and oil meal and stabilizers, or in solution or emulsion in a vegetable oil such as peanut oil, soybean oil, sesame oil and the like and preferably including a stabilizer. An oil solution or emulsion lends itself to spraying on the basal ration. Alternatively, the 2-haloacetanilides can be mixed with other feed additives such as vitamines, antibiotics, minerals, hormones, steriods and other materials of this nature in a feed supplement which is supplied to grain mills or to feed manufacturers who then incorporate it into the finished diet to be supplied to the animals by the farmer. Blending of such materials can be accomplished in the usual type apparatus used for the preparation of dry feed products. For young animals the 2- haloacetanilides can be incorporated into liquid or semiliquid feeds or mashes in the form of a suspension or dispersion of the active material. An emulsion or dispersion in peanut oil, soybean oil, and the like can be prepared and these are particularly adapted for liquid compositions including drinking water. The 2-haloacetanilides also can be administered to the animals subcutaneously or intramuscularly in the form of solutions, pastes or pellets, but it is generally more convenient to use the active material in the animals feed composition.

Although the invention is described with respect to specific modifications, the details thereof are not to be construed as limitations.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A method of improving the growth response in an animal selected from the group consisting of poultry, swine and ruminants which comprises administering to wherein X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine; p is an integer from 0 to 2 inclusive; Y is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, X R wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of at least 1 and not more than 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of at least 2 and not more than 18 carbon atoms, alkynyl of at least 3 and not more than 18 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl and phenylethyl, X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, hydroxyl and amino and n is an integer from O to 3 inclusive, provided that R is other than phenyl when R is substituted at the 2, 6' or 2' and 6 positions, cycloalkyl of at least 5 and not more than 8 ring carbon atoms, alkylcycloalkyl of at least 5 and not more than 8 ring carbon atoms and not more than 12 total carbon atoms, alkoxycycloalkyl of at least 5 and not more than 8 ring carbon atoms and not more than 12 total carbon atoms, R O[R O],,R wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkylene of at least 1 and not more than 8 carbon atoms and alkoxyalkylene of at least 2 and not more than 8 carbon atoms, R is alkylene of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms, R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms and alkenyl of at least 2 and not more than 4 carbon atoms and a is an integer from O to l, and

0 ll E C- wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms; R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl of at least 2 and not more than 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms; b is an integer from 0 to 3; R is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine; in is an integer from 0 to 3 and d is an integer from O to 1.

2. Method of claim 1 wherein the animal is a ruminant.

3. A method of improving the growth response in an animal selected from the group consisting of poultry, swine and ruminants which comprises feeding said animal a composition comprising a feed for said animal and a growth-promoting amount of a compound of the formula wherein X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine; p is an integer from 0 to 2 inclusive; Y is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, X R wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of at least 1 and not more than 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of at least 2 and not more than 18 carbon atoms, alkynyl of at least 3 and not more than 18 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl and phenylethyl, X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, hydroxyl and amino and n is an integer from 0 to 3 inclusive, provided that R is other than phenyl when R is substituted at the 2, 6' or 2 and 6' positions, cycloalkyl of at least 5 and not more than 8 ring carbon atoms, alkylcycloalkyl of at least 5 and not more than 8 ring carbon atoms and not more than 12 total carbon atoms, alkoxycycloalkyl of at least 5 and not more than 8 ring carbon atoms and not more than 12 total carbon atoms, R O[R O] R wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkylene of at least 1 and not more than 8 carbon atoms and alkoxyalkylene of at least 2 and not more than 8 carbon atoms, R is alkylene of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms, R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms and alkenyl oi at least 2 and not more than 4 carbon atoms and a is an integer from to 1, and

0 ll R 0- wherein R" is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms; R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl of at least 2 and not more than 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms; b is an integer from 0 to 3; R is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine; m is an integer from 0 to 3 and d is an integer from 0 to 1.

4. Method of claim 3 wherein the animal is a ruminant.

5. Method of claim 3 wherein p, m and d are 0, R is alkyl and Y is R O{R O},,R

6. Method of claim 5 wherein a is 0, R is alkylene, and R is alkyl.

7. Method of claim 3 wherein p, m, b and d are 0, and Y is X R-.

8. Method of claim 7 wherein n is 0 and R is alkyl.

9. Method of claim 3 wherein p, m and d are 0 and Y is X R--.

10. Method of claim 9 wherein n is 0 and R is alkyl.

11. Method of claim 3 wherein p is 0 and X is chlorine.

12. Method of claim 3 wherein p is 0 and X is bromine.

13. Method of claim 5 wherein R is methylene and R is methyl.

14. Method of claim 3 wherein the compound is N- isopropyl-Z-bromoacetanilide.

15. Method of claim 3 wherein the compound is N- meth0xymethyl-2'-t-butyl-2-chloroacetanilide.

16. Method of claim 3 wherein the compound is N- methoxymethyl-Z'-t-butyl'6'-methyl-2-chloroacetanilide.

17. Method of claim 3 wherein the compound is N- isopropyl-4-nitro-2-chloroacetanilide.

18. Method of claim 3 wherein the compound is N- isopropyl-2-chloroacetanilide.

19. An animal feed composition comprising a feed for an animal selected from the group consisting of poultry, swine and ruminants and a growth-promoting amount of from about 0.0001 to about 0.1 percent by weight of a compound of the formula Rb O X l 1/ R Y X m 2)d 2-D wherein X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine; p is an integer from 0 to 2 inclusive; Y is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, X R- wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of at least 1 and not more than 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of at least 2 and not more than 18 carbon atoms, alkynyl of at least 3 and not more than 18 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl and phenylethyl, X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, hydroxyl and amino and n is an integer from 0 to 3 inclusive, provided that R is other than phenyl when R is substituted at the 2',6' or 2 and 6 positions, cycloalkyl of at least 5 and not more than 8 ring carbon atoms, alkylcycloalkyl of at least 5 and not more than 8 ring carbon atoms and not more than 12 total carbon atoms, alkoxycycloalkyl of at least 5 and not more than 8 ring carbon atoms and not more than 12 total carbon atoms, R O ER O-},,R wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkylene of at least 1 and not more than 8 carbon atoms and alkoxyalkylene of at least 2 and not more than 8 carbon atoms, R is alkylene of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms, R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms and alkenyl of at least 2 and not more than 4 carbon atoms and a is an integer from 0 to 1, and

ii R 0- wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms; R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl of at least 2 and not more than 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy of at least 1 and not more than 4 carbon atoms; b is an integer from 0 to 3; R is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine; m is an integer from O to 3 and d is an integer from 0 to 1.

20. The animal feed composition of claim 19 wherein X is bromine, Y is alkyl and p, b, m and d are 0.

21. The animal feed composition of claim 19 wherein X is chlorine, Y is R OHK OLR b is 1 and p, m and d are 0.

22. The animal feed composition of claim 19 in the form of a ruminant feed.

23. The animal feed composition of claim 22 wherein the compound is N-isopropyl-Z-bromoacetanilide.

24. The animal feed composition of claim 22 wherein the compound is N-methoxymethyl-Z'-t-butyl-2-chl0ro acetanilide.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,863,752 12/1958 Hamm et a1. 7l-l18 3,271,161 9/1966 Eshleman 99-4 2,877,154 3/ 1959 Hewitt 424320 OTHER REFERENCES The Merck Veterinary Manual (1955) pp. 788-789, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ.

ALBERT T. MEYER, Primary Examiner F. E. WADDELL, Assistant Examiner Disclaimer 3,592,917.E1nwst G. J aworslci, Olivette, and Gina J. Marco, \Vebster Groves, M0. ANIMAL FEED COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS. Patent dated July 13, 1971. Disclaimer filed J an. 18, 1971, by the assignee, Monsanto Company. Hereby disclaims the portion of the term of the patent subsequent to Jan. 5,

[Ofiicz'al Gazette April 18, 1.972.] 

